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Jackie Fuller collection
RESEARCH: This type was defined by Joseph Caldwell in the 1969 ceramics seminar as part of the Fairchild’s Landing site collection. Caldwell’s research and report was from the Fairchilds Landing site that is now under Lake Seminole.
TEMPER: This is a sand-tempered pottery type.
SURFACE DECORATION: The surface decoration consists of widely spaced vertically oriented cord marked impressions.
VESSEL FORMS: Known forms include large, deep pots with rounded bottoms.
CHRONOLOGY: This is a Late Woodland pottery type. Associated point types might include Woodland Triangular and various spike point forms and perhaps Leon points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: This type is found along the lower Chattahoochee River valley, presumably in both Alabama and Georgia.
Etowah ID day private collection
RESEARCH: Thomas M.N. Lewis and Madeline Kneberg named this type in 1970. Lewis and Kneberg did their research of Hamilton pottery at the Hiwassee Island site in the Hiwassee River in eastern Tennessee. The type is named for Hamilton County, Tennessee.
TEMPER: Limestone was used as temper in this type. The past surface color ranges from dark to light gray.
SURFACE DECORATION: The surface was covered with cord markings that tended to be wide, shallow, less distinct while the cord marking of vessels made during the earlier Candy Creek phase are more distinct, tightly woven and may have folded rims. The cord markings of the Hamilton type run perpendicular to the mouth of the vessel. Cord markings are often smoothed over and may be only faintly visible.
VESSEL FORMS: Lewis and Kneberg combined Woodland vessel forms into three categories, kettles, jars and bowls. Bowls had rounded bottoms while jars and kettles tended to be semi-conical forms with rounded lips. Some vessels had podal supports.
CHRONOLOGY: This type is part of the Late Woodland period. This type can be found with Yadkin, Greenville, Swannanoa and Swan Lake points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Distribution of this type covers all of eastern Tennessee, northwestern Georgia and northeastern Alabama.
Etowah ID day private collection
RESEARCH: This type was named by Joseph Caldwell in 1950.[i] The type was named for Kellogg Creek in Cherokee County. Caldwell did his research as part of the Lake Allatoona survey.
TEMPER: This is a grit-tempered pottery type.
SURFACE DECORATION: Decoration on this type consists of cord markings applied individually with a cord-wrapped down. The markings are done diagonally from the lip to the base and are overlapping.
VESSEL FORMS: Known vessel forms are deep bowls and cylindrical jars with flaring rims and conical bottoms.
CHRONOLOGY: This pottery belongs to the Early Woodland period and may be ancestral to the Saltillo Fabric Marked type of the Middle Woodland, Miller II phase of northern Alabama. Associated point types might include Coosa, Yadkin, Greenville, Swan Lake and Swannanoa points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: This type appears in northwestern Georgia, extreme western South Carolina, northeastern Alabama and southeastern Tennessee.
Caldwell, Joseph, 1950 A Preliminary Report on Excavations in the Allatoona Reservoir. Early Georgia 1(1):5-22.
Ocmulgee National Monument
RESEARCH: Robert Wauchope named this type in 1966.[i] The type was named after the Mossy Oak site just east of Macon on the banks of the Ocmulgee River.
TEMPER: Fine to medium grit was used for tempering this pottery. Exterior paste colors range from orange to buff or dark gray and black.
SURFACE DECORATION: Decoration consisting of vertical cord markings is stamped over the entire vessel or in a zone just below the rim.
VESSEL FORMS: The only known form is a cylindrical jar with slight shoulders and a conical or rounded base that may have podal supports.
CHRONOLOGY: The type belongs to the Early Woodland period. Associated point types are Coosa, Yadkin, Greenville, Swan Lake and Swannanoa points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: This type is found in northern Georgia and likely appears in western North and South Carolina, and eastern Tennessee and Alabama.
[i] Wauchope, Robert, Archaeological Survey of Northern Georgia, with a Test of Some Cultural Hypotheses. Society for American Archaeology, Memoir 21. 1966
John McCall collection
RESEARCH: This type was established by Frankie Snow in 1977 following his survey of the Big Bend region of the Ocmulgee River.
TEMPER: This pottery was tempered with sand. Many sherds show little to no tempering while others have red zones, indicating a clay temper.
SURFACE DECORATION: The surfaces of these vessels were decorated with a cord-marked paddle. Type 1 markings are clear and run perpendicular to the rim. There is little overlapping of stamping in this type. Cord markings are deeper and clearer than types 2 or 3.
VESSEL FORM: These seem to be simple globular jars with straight sides and folded rims. When rims are folded, they are also stamped.
CHRONOLOGY: This type belongs to the Late Woodland period. Associated points include Woodland Triangular, spike, and Yadkin points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Each of the three types have a distinct area of the Ocmulgee River basin along which it occurs. Type 1 occurs along the most northern section of the river from Macon, Georgia to the area of Hawkinsville, Georgia. There is a blending of areas between each type. Type 2 appears between Hawkinsville and Dodge Boon Landing. Type 3 appears between Dodge Boon Landing and Eason Bluff.
John McCall collection
RESEARCH: This type was established by Frankie Snow in 1977 following his survey of the Big Bend region of the Ocmulgee River.
TEMPER: This pottery was tempered with sand. Many sherds show little to no tempering while others have red zones, indicating a clay temper.
SURFACE DECORATION: On the surface of this type, cord markings are perpendicular with some cross stamping. Rims are not folded, but an incised line typically runs parallel to the rim to give the impression of a fold. Broad, straight incised lines may also appear in random directions along the body of the vessel.
VESSEL FORM: These seem to be simple globular jars with straight sides and folded rims. When rims are folded, they are also stamped.
CHRONOLOGY: This type belongs to the Late Woodland period. Associated points include Woodland Triangular, spike, and Yadkin points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Each of the three types have a distinct area of the Ocmulgee River basin along which it occurs. Type 1 occurs along the most northern section of the river from Macon, Georgia to the area of Hawkinsville, Georgia. There is a blending of areas between each type. Type 2 appears between Hawkinsville and Dodge Boon Landing. Type 3 appears between Dodge Boon Landing and Eason Bluff.
John McCall collection
RESEARCH: This type was established by Frankie Snow in 1977 following his survey of the Big Bend region of the Ocmulgee River.
TEMPER: This pottery was tempered with sand. Many sherds show little to no tempering while others have red zones, indicating a clay temper.
SURFACE DECORATION: On type 3 pottery, Cord markings are straight to angular and cross stamped. Rims are simple with cord markings from the rim. No incised lines appear. Stamping is not as deep and clear as with type I.
VESSEL FORM: These seem to be simple globular jars with straight sides and folded rims. When rims are folded, they are also stamped.
CHRONOLOGY: This type belongs to the Late Woodland period. Associated points include Woodland Triangular, spike, and Yadkin points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Each of the three types have a distinct area of the Ocmulgee River basin along which it occurs. Type 1 occurs along the most northern section of the river from Macon, Georgia to the area of Hawkinsville, Georgia. There is a blending of areas between each type. Type 2 appears between Hawkinsville and Dodge Boon Landing. Type 3 appears between Dodge Boon Landing and Eason Bluff.
Florida Museum of Natural History
RESEARCH: This type was named by John Goggin from north-central Florida, included by Gordon Willey in 1949, and refined by Jerald Milanich and John Worth. This name was dropped by SEAC in favor of West Florida Cord Marked; however the name continues to be used.
TEMPER: The temper for this type was medium sized grains of quartz sand.
SURFACE DECORATION: The decoration of medium to small cord marking was done with a paddle and covered the entire surface of the vessel. The markings were haphazardly applied and often crisscross. Brent Weisman described the cordage as generally thick at the Fig Springs site (between 1 and 2mm) and running primarily vertical to the lip of the vessel, although over-stamping nearly obliterated this pattern.
VESSEL FORMS: Vessels of this type were simple and globular bowls, although only conoidal jars with incurved rims were known from Fig Springs. The rims were unmodified.
CHRONOLOGY: This is a Late Mississippian pottery type that may be slightly older than the Leon-Jefferson pottery of the same area. Related points include Pinellas and Ichetucknee points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: This type has been recovered in the area of north-central Florida, and portions of the southern border counties of south-central Georgia.
University of Georgia collections
RESEARCH: This type was defined by Joseph Caldwell and Antonio Waring in 1939 from the excavations at the Irene site.[i] The type is named for the Savannah River and the city of Savannah.
TEMPER: This type is most often tempered with grit; however clay-tempered sherds do appear at many coastal sites. Grit-tempered sherds have a sandy texture while clay-tempered sherds are lumpy. Exterior surface paste colors range from light buff to light gray and are usually just a lighter shade of the same core paste color.
SURFACE DECORATION: Cord markings on this type are fine and clear. The paddle stamping appears as a basket impression on the bottom of vessels. Cross-stamping occurs in high frequency. The rims are usually finished with a series of vertical cord impressions. The bottoms of the vessels are finished with narrow impressions of the side of the paddle. The rim is often beveled with the paddle as well.
VESSEL FORMS: Vessel forms are usually a globular or an elongated shape with a round or conical base. Rims are straight to flaring, sometimes everted. Excess rim clay is often flattened by the application of the paddle.
CHRONOLOGY: This type belongs to the Middle Mississippian, Savannah period. Related point types include Mississippian Triangular and Guntersville points.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: The type is found from southern Georgia into the Piedmont of Georgia and South Carolina and perhaps southern North Carolina.
[i] Williams, Stephen, The Waring Papers, The Collected Works of Antonio J. Waring, Jr., Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Vol. 58, 1977
Scot Kieth Leake report
RESEARCH: This type was named by Gordon Willey in 1949.[i] Willey’s research focused on Weeden Island period sites along the northwest Florida Gulf Coast.
TEMPER: Fine sand, sometimes including clay or large, angular grit was used as temper in this type.
SURFACE DECORATION: Decorations of closely-spaced cord markings were made with paddle impressions. Cord impressions are deep and clear. The cords used were probably coarsely twined. Cord marking covered the entire vessel. Markings are most commonly vertical, but may also run horizontally or diagonally. One example had a vertical design on the body with diagonal designs along the rim.
VESSEL FORMS: Vessel forms are jars with both flared and slightly converged openings. Rims are slightly in-slanted or out-flared. The lips are rounded-pointed and turned slightly outward and rounding in some cases. Some rims are notched or scalloped.
CHRONOLOGY: This pottery belongs to the Middle Woodland, Santa Rosa Swift Creek period. Late varieties may appear with Weeden Island pottery. Related point types are Pinellas, spike forms, Baker’s Creek, Copena, Jackson, Bradford Columbia, Sarasota point.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Examples of this type are found along the northwestern and central-west Florida Gulf coast as well as southern Alabama and southwestern Georgia.
[i] Gordon R., Archaeology of the Florida Gulf Coast, Bureau of American Ethnology Smithsonian Institution, 1949, p.440
RESEARCH: This type was named by Gordon Willey in 1949.[i] Willey’s research focused on Weeden Island period sites along the northwest Florida Gulf Coast.
TEMPER: Sand was used as temper in this type with similar ware qualities to the early variety of the same type.
SURFACE DECORATION: Cord-marked surfaces tend to be semi-obliterated rather than clear. There is often a deep line underscoring the rim fold.
VESSEL FORMS: Known forms include at least deep globular jars with Weeden Island-like folded rims. The rims may be out-slanted and are thickest at the exterior fold line. The lips are flat in the example above.
CHRONOLOGY: This type is related to the Middle Woodland, Weeden Island period. Related point types are Pinellas, spike forms, Baker’s Creek, Copena, Jackson, Bradford Columbia, Sarasota point.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: This pottery is found in northwest Florida, southern Alabama and southwestern Georgia.
[i] Gordon R., Archaeology of the Florida Gulf Coast, Bureau of American Ethnology Smithsonian Institution, 1949, p.440
University of Georgia collections
RESEARCH: The Wilmington series was defined by Joseph Caldwell in 1952. The type was named for Wilmington Island, one of several islands investigated by Caldwell along the northern Georgia coast where the type had been recovered.
TEMPER: Wilmington pottery is clay or grog tempered. It is difficult to distinguish crushed dry raw clay from crushed and reused pot sherds. The temper appears as angular lumps in the paste. These lumps will be evident as protruding from the interior walls of Wilmington pottery.
SURFACE DECORATION: The entire surface of the vessels is covered with paddle-stamped cord markings. Cord impressions are heavy and are usually arranged vertically to the rim. The interiors of the vessels are poorly smoothed and usually show fine striations.
